Influence of the quality factor on simulated seismic waves: A case study of the 1994 Northridge earthquake          下载免费PDF全文

Qingpei Zeng  Xiangchao Wang  Jinting Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(5):329-342

In numerical simulations of ground motion, the constant quality factor Q of a viscoelastic medium can be determined using the time-domain constitutive approximation method of the generalized standard linear solid (GSLS) model. This study introduces a numerical seismic wavefield simulation method which combines the spectral element method with the constant-Q model. The method is used to simulate the seismic wavefield of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The optimal attenuation coefficient for the simulated seismic waves in this study area is determined empirically based on a quantitative analysis of the deviation curve. Further, the effect of the quality factor on the simulated wavefield are analyzed according to the site characteristics of each seismic station. The quality factor shows a variable effect on the different frequency components of the simulated wavefield. The effect of the quality factor also varies with the characteristic parameters of each seismic station site, such as site velocity structure, fault distance, and azimuth angle.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of deep-hole resistivity anomaly caused by drilling construction in Xinfengjiang geoelectric station     

Xing Yan  Zhihui Deng  Jiping Liu  Shishan Ye  Zhiqun Chen  Tianren Zhong 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(3):100139

The Xinfengjiang reservoir in Guangdong Province, is one of the large reservoirs that have triggered earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6. Numerous earthquakes have occurred since the impoundment of the reservoir, making it one of the most active seismic zones in south China. In 2015, a set of deep-hole resistivity anomalies was observed in the Heping geoelectric station in Dongyuan county, located near the Xinfengjiang reservoir. After a field investigation, we found that a planned well drilling construction of new measuring channels was being carried out during that corresponding period of time. After careful comparison and analysis on the basis of the collected raw data, we had a reason to believe that drilling construction, rather than the inducement of the Xinfengjiang reservoir, was the main culprit for those unusual georesistivity values. So as to verify the above conjecture, we constructed a series of 3D finite element models based on the geological and hydrological information around Heping station and analyzed the drilling disturbances, respectively. Some significant conclusions were finally drawn according to the precise numerical simulation. This study gives a good example by combining numerical simulation with engineering practice as a way to understand the root cause of georesistivity anomalies in reality.  相似文献   

地震作用下可液化场地管道上浮动力响应及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

顾世祥  张继虎  梅伟  杨帆  单夺权  童保林  杜文琪 《世界地震工程》2022,38(2):220-229

地震作用下土体发生液化之后,由于超静孔隙水压力的产生和土体抗剪强度的降低,管道易发生上浮破坏。为研究管道上浮动力反应的影响因素,基于OpenSees有限元软件,通过目标反应谱和谱匹配等方法选取地震波,考虑不同管土特性和地震动特性,对地震作用下管道上浮动力反应进行了二维数值模拟。结果表明:土体相对密度、管径和管道埋深对管道上浮反应的影响较大,分别给出了土体相对密度、管径、管道埋深对管道上浮位移的影响规律及对应拟合公式;长持时地震动作用下,超静孔隙水压力消散较慢,管道上浮位移可达短持时地震动作用下管道上浮位移的2倍左右;近断层脉冲地震动作用下,管道上浮破坏和横向破坏两种破坏模式同时存在,且由于速度脉冲效应,管道横向破坏风险大于上浮破坏风险。  相似文献   

地震灾害下的老旧社区避难场地规划方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐柏刚  唐建 《世界地震工程》2022,38(4):008-17

建于上世纪50、60年代的老旧社区广泛分布于我国各个城市的建成区中,当地震灾害来临时,能否快速的进入避难场地进行避难是衡量老旧社区安全程度的重要指标之一。韧性防灾作为近年来重要的防灾理念之一,强调社区可以通过自身的体系抵抗地震灾害的冲击。该研究以地震灾害为基础,依托韧性防灾的理念,运用多智能体仿真模拟,建立老旧社区的避难场地规划方法。同时以大连工人村老旧社区为例,构建出新增集中型与分散型避难场地影响实验,得出相应的新增避难场地规划选择方法与布局策略。  相似文献   

煤样渗透率有效应力与基质收缩双重耦合效应及其与煤阶关系     

曹明亮  邓泽  康永尚  李忠城  张兵  秦绍锋  邓志宇  郭明强 《地质论评》2022,68(5):1863-1870

为研究煤层气在排采过程中不同煤阶煤储层渗透率动态变化规律,利用煤岩三轴应力应变（基质收缩膨胀）测试系统,对褐煤、气煤和无烟煤样开展了有效应力与基质收缩双重效应物理模拟实验。固定轴压和围压不变,改变气体平衡压力,模拟开发过程中储层压力变化特征,测试其动态渗透率。利用实验结果,分析了不同煤阶煤岩在排采过程中动态渗透率反弹特征,并对比分析煤岩动态渗透率改善效果的差异性。研究表明：气体平衡压力从5 MPa降至1 MPa过程中,在有效应力和基质收缩双重效应作用下,褐煤样的归一化渗透率依次为1. 00、0. 60、0. 57、0. 57、0. 52,气煤样依次为1.00、0. 64、0. 50、0. 54和0. 55,无烟煤样依次为1.00、0. 74、0. 58、0. 50和0. 56。随气体平衡压力下降,中阶及高阶煤样动态渗透率先下降后上升,整体呈不对称“V”型变化规律,但拐点略有不同;低阶煤样动态渗透率呈先下降后基本稳定的趋势,整体呈斜“L”型变化规律。在有效应力和基质收缩双重效应影响下,中阶及高阶煤样动态渗透率改善效果优于低阶煤样。  相似文献   

济南四大泉群水化学特征及其成因分析     

毛玉洁 《地质与勘探》2022,58(5):1042-1056

为明晰济南四大泉群水化学动态变化特征及成因,利用离子比例系数、PHREEQC模拟以及氢氧同位素反演等方法分析各泉群水化学成分特征及其形成过程。研究表明：（1）四大泉群阳离子Ca2+为优势离子,阴离子HCO3-为优势离子;（2）潭西泉和珍珠泉水化学类型稳定,而趵突泉和黑虎泉由HCO3—Ca型变为HCO3·SO4—Ca型;（3）四大泉群受地表水、寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水以及寒武系张夏组岩溶水混合补给,其中趵突泉、黑虎泉接受寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水补给占比略大,而潭西泉、珍珠泉接受寒武系张夏组岩溶水补给占比略大;黑虎泉滞留时间最短,循环交替强烈;（4）水岩相互作用强弱程度导致泉群水化学成分差异,溶解沉淀作用强度整体大于阳离子交换作用。趵突泉阳离子交换作用强度最弱,黑虎泉伴随有去白云化作用,潭西泉和珍珠泉水化学作用及强度类似,进一步印证潭西泉和珍珠泉有相同的补给来源及运移机制。该研究成果对水资源合理利用和岩溶大泉的保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Study on the snowdrift disaster influenced by w-beam barrier used in expressway北大核心CSCD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏佳北 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1887-1897

Snowdrift is one of the most typical snow disaster forms of road traffic in Xinjiang area. Its impact on road traffic is mainly reflected in reducing driving visibility and causing traffic interruption induced by a large amount of snow on the road surface. The snowdrift disaster along the road in Xinjiang area shows the characteristics as many points,long lines and wide spread occurring with uneven distribution in time and space. Snowdrift question involves wind field,snow distribution field,temperature field and humidity field coupling,which is a very complex scientific problem. At the same time,the prevention and control of snowdrift disasters is also a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the construction and operation of road traffic infrastructure in cold areas. For expressways in areas of frequent snowdrift occurring,its snowdrift disaster caused by the w-beam barrier is becoming more and more obviously. But there is still a lack of in-depth research on the w-beam barrier,which is one kind of auxiliary facilities of the highway deepening the snowdrift disaster. In view of the status mentioned above and in order to explore the causes and prevention methods to snowdrift disaster by w-beam barrier,on the background of Beijing-Urumqi Expressway（G7）engineering,the field model tests of the w-beam barrier,the cable barrier and the no barrier embankment were designed. The study also combined with numerical simulation and highway field investigation and other methods in order to verify each other. In the meantime,the influence of the w-beam barrier and cable barrier on the road snowdrift disaster of the highway is studied,and the distribution law of wind field and snow field on the embankment surface with w-beam barrier and cable barrier is obtained. The results show that the snowdrift velocity increases from the foot of the embankment on the upwind side till to the w-beam barrier installed at the shoulder of or the central divider of the road. Then it moves to the road surface through the gap in the lower part of the w-beam barrier. At this time the w-beam barrier disturbs the wind field near the ground,causing a weak wind area to appear behind the beam,resulting in a large number of snow particles deposited. Especially when the lower gap of the w-beam barrier is filled with snow,the road area behind the w-beam barrier covers the driving lane with snow,which seriously affects the road capacity. While the section without setting up a barrier or setting a cable barrier is conducive to the passage of snowdrift flow. Considering the uncertainty of future climate change,in order to better prevent the impact of snowdrift on traffic operation safety,it is proposed to replace the w-beam barrier in some areas with serious wind and snow disasters with cable barrier that meet the safety requirements of expressways. Moreover,other snowdrift protection measures such as snow fences,snow barriers and snow walls can also be adopted. The research results can provide useful reference for snow removal of the expressway and new expressway construction in the windy and snow areas of Xinjiang. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

安徽马鞍山市当涂地区地下水水化学特征及演化机制          下载免费PDF全文

李状  苏晶文  董长春  叶永红  杨洋 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1509-1526

【研究目的】 了解长江中下游平原地区地下水流系统并深入分析其地下水水化学特征及其演化机制。【研究方法】 综合马鞍山市当涂地区的水文地质条件、水动力场等,基于研究区水化学基本特征,运用多元统计分析、水化学图件、离子比值和反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对该地区浅层地下水水化学演化进行分析。【研究结果】 结果表明：（1）研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性水,地下水组分中阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主。（2）研究区地下水水化学类型主要可分为7类,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组和碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组的水化学类型主要为HCO₃^-Ca型、HCO₃^-Ca·Na型、HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na型以及HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型;基岩类裂隙含水岩组的化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型和SO₄·HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型。（3）研究区浅层地下水水样超标率为46%,总体水质较差,超标率较高的组分依次为Mn、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、硝酸盐（以N计）、Fe、As、氨氮（以N计）等。（4）研究区地下水的化学组分主要受到岩石风化作用的控制;此外,还存在Na-Ca的正向阳离子交替吸附作用。反向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步定量论证了水岩相互作用对本区浅层地下水组分的形成和演化起着主导作用。【结论】 研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性,主要可分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水和基岩类裂隙水。主要离子比例和反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了本区浅层地下水化学组分主要是地下水溶滤方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石等硅酸盐矿物,高岭土等黏土矿物以及岩盐、石膏等达到过饱和之后形成的。  相似文献   

降雨形式对毛细阻滞覆盖层防渗性能的影响研究     

李宁  潘行  张茂建  张慧莉  李昕珍  许建聪 《岩土力学》2022,43(6):1546-1556

毛细阻滞覆盖层的防渗性能对于控制渗滤液和减轻垃圾填埋场周边环境的污染具有重要意义,因此得到广泛研究。前人在研究中多采用恒定降雨强度来模拟降雨气象条件,而对降雨形式对毛细阻滞覆盖层防渗性能的影响关注较少。因此,采用自主研发的土柱降雨入渗试验系统,分别对短时强降雨和长时弱降雨两种降雨情况下,降雨形式对毛细阻滞覆盖层防渗性能的影响开展了研究,并揭示了最不利降雨形式。同时,采用SEEP/W软件对各试验工况进行数值模拟,以使模拟结果与试验结果能够相互印证。研究结果表明：试验结果与模拟结果基本一致,最大误差不大于3%;在短时强降雨情况下,降雨形式仅对覆盖层上部的体积含水率和孔隙水压力有较大影响;而在长时弱降雨条件下,降雨形式对整个覆盖层的体积含水率和孔隙水压力均有显著影响;降雨形式对覆盖层突破时间及渗漏量均有影响,前锋型降雨的突破时间最短,产生的渗漏量最大,后锋型降雨的突破时间最长,产生的渗漏量最小;前锋型降雨更易造成覆盖层突破失效而产生较大的渗漏量,为最不利降雨形式。该研究结果可为毛细阻滞覆盖层设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

大倾角煤层分层综采再生顶板破断规律研究     

池小楼  杨科  刘文杰  付强  魏祯 《岩土力学》2022,43(5):1391-1400

针对大倾角厚软煤层下分层安全综采问题,结合淮南矿区潘北煤矿1212（3）大倾角厚软煤层分层综采下分层工作面地质与工程条件,综合运用基于数字散斑、声发射监测与分布式光纤传感技术的物理模拟试验、基于煤系地层赋存禀赋建模技术的数值模拟试验相结合的研究手段,开展了下分层开采再生顶板破断倾向分区演化、再生岩体变形声发射能量与光纤应变响应规律及应力分布特征研究。结果表明：再生顶板破断由其破断岩块滑移、低中位悬臂梁和高位铰接岩梁断裂组成,双梁破断是引起下分层支架失稳的关键所在。下分层中上部双梁破断声发射能量呈高度聚集且持续时间短,光纤感知低位悬臂梁破断且中上部光纤应变峰值高,下分层中上部是支架与再生顶板稳定性控制的重点区域。下分层下部再生顶板破断岩块充填密实且粒径小,是架间与架前岩块漏冒多发区域。下分层再生顶板中形成高应力组成的应力拱,距采空区高度约30 m,双梁破断主要发生在拱内,拱中岩体破断对支架具有一定的冲垮作用。  相似文献